I te piki haere tonu o te taupori o te ao, kei te piki haere hoki te hiahia mō te kai me te pūngao. Heoi, kāore ngā mahi ahuwhenua tuku iho e mau tonu ana, ā, ka kino pea ki te taiao. Hei whakatika i tēnei take, kua puta mai tētahi momo ahuwhenua hou e mōhiotia ana ko te ahuwhenua agrivoltaic, e whakakotahi ana i te whakaputa hiko o te rā me te whakaputa hua. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātou te mahi a te ahuwhenua agrivoltaic, ōna painga me ōna wero, me tōna pūmanawa ā muri ake nei.

He aha te mahi ahuwhenua ahuwhenua?

Ko te mahi ahuwhenua agrivoltaic, e mōhiotia ana ko te agrophotovoltaics, ko te APV rānei, he mahi e tāutahia ai ngā panera rā ki runga ake i ngā hua hei whakaputa hiko me te whakarato i te atarangi mō ngā tipu. I whakawhanakehia tuatahitia te ariā i ngā tau 1980 i Hapani, i te wā he iti noa te whenua, he utu nui hoki, ā, i rapu huarahi ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te whakanui ake i te whakamahinga whenua. Mai i taua wā kua rongonui te mahi ahuwhenua agrivoltaic puta noa i te ao hei huarahi pumau me te whai hua ki te whakaputa kai me te pūngao.

Ko te pūnaha Agrivoltaic he whakauru i ngā panera hiko o te rā ki te teitei e tika ana i runga ake i ngā hua hei whakarato i te marumaru, me te tuku hoki i te nui o te hihi o te rā kia tae atu ki ngā tipu. Ko te tikanga, ka whakairihia ngā panera ki runga i tētahi anga i hangaia ki te maitai, ki te konumohe rānei, ā, kua hangaia te pūnaha kia taea te whakarerekē kia urutau ki ngā wāhanga tipu rerekē o te hua. Ka honoa ngā panera hiko o te rā ki tētahi kaitahuri e huri ana i te mana DC i hangaia e ngā panera ki te mana AC ka taea te whakamahi i runga i te pāmu, te whāngai rānei ki te whatunga hiko.

Ngā Hua o te Ahuwhenua Agrivoltaic

He maha ngā painga o te mahi ahuwhenua agrivoltaic, tae atu ki:

1. Te pikinga o ngā hua o te hua

Mā te whakamarumaru e whakaratohia ana e ngā panera rā ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te pāmahana me te whakaiti i te ngaronga o te wai mā te mimiti, ka piki ake ai ngā hua o te whenua. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ka taea e ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua te whakanui ake i ngā hua o te whenua tae atu ki te 60% ki te whakaritea ki ngā tikanga ahuwhenua tuku iho.

2. Te whakaiti i te whakamahinga wai

Mā te whakaiti i te ngaronga o te wai mā te mimiti, ka taea e te mahi ahuwhenua te āwhina ki te tiaki i ngā rauemi wai. He mea nui tēnei i ngā rohe maroke e kore nei e nui te wai.

3. Te whakaiti i ngā utu pūngao

Mā te whakaputa i ā rātou ake hiko, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te whakaiti i tō rātou whakawhirinaki ki te whatunga hiko me te whakaiti i ā rātou utu pūngao. I ētahi wā, ka taea pea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te whakaputa hiko nui me te hoko atu ki te whatunga hiko.

4. Te whakaiti i te tapuwae waro

Ka whakaitihia e te mahi ahuwhenua ahuwhenua ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi mā te whakaputa pūngao ma, ka taea te whakahou, me te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā wahie pūmua.

5. Te kanorau o ngā moni whiwhi

Mā te whakaputa kai me te hiko, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te whakawhānui ake i ā rātou huarahi whiwhi moni me te whakaiti i tō rātou whakawhirinaki ki te puna moni kotahi.

Ngā Wero o te Ahuwhenua Agrivoltaic

Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te mahi ahuwhenua, he maha anō hoki ngā wero me aro atu, tae atu ki:

1. Ngā utu whakatūnga tuatahi

Ahakoa he nui ngā painga mō te wā roa e puta mai ana i te mahi ahuwhenua ahuwhenua, he nui pea ngā utu whakatūnga tuatahi. Ko te utu mō te tāuta i ngā panera rā me ētahi atu taputapu ka waiho hei arai mō ētahi kaimahi ahuwhenua ki te whakaurunga, inā koa i ngā whenua whakawhanake.

2. He iti noa te whenua e wātea ana

Me whai whenua motuhake te mahi ahuwhenua ahuwhenua kia whai hua ai, ā, i ētahi wāhi, tera pea he onge, he nui rawa rānei te utu o te whenua hei whai hua ā-ōhanga mō te ahuwhenua ahuwhenua.

3. Ngā take hangarau me ngā panera rā

Me tiaki tonu, me horoi hoki ngā panera rā kia mau tonu ai te whai huatanga. I ētahi wā, ka taea e ngā āhuatanga huarere pērā i te whatu nui, te hukarere nui rānei te kino i ngā panera, ā, me utu nui ngā whakatikatika, ngā whakakapinga rānei.

4. Ngā taupatupatu pea ki ētahi atu whakamahinga whenua

I ētahi wā, ka whakataetae pea te mahi ahuwhenua ki ētahi atu whakamahinga whenua, pērā i te whāngai kararehe, te mahi ngahere rānei. Me āta whakamahere me te mahi tahi me ētahi atu kaipupuri moni kia kore ai e puta he pakanga i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua.

5. Te hiahia mō te mātauranga motuhake me te tiaki

Ko te mahi ahuwhenua agrivoltaic e hiahia ana ki tētahihe taumata tohungatanga hangarau me te tiaki. Me mātau ngā kaimahi pāmu ki ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua me te pūnaha pūngao rā kia pai ai te whakahaere me te pupuri i ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua.

Te Pūmanawa o te Ahuwhenua Agrivoltaic ā-Mārama

Ahakoa ngā wero, kei te kaha tonu te mahi ahuwhenua ahuwhenua ki te whai wāhi nui ki te ahuwhenua tauwhiro ā muri ake nei. He mārama ngā painga o te ahuwhenua ahuwhenua, ā, i te mea kei te whakapai tonu te hangarau me te heke o ngā utu, kei te piki haere te wātea o te ahuwhenua ahuwhenua ki ngā kaimahi pāmu puta noa i te ao.

Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea te whakarerekē i te mahi ahuwhenua ahuwhenua ki ngā hua me ngā rohe rerekē, ka waiho hei otinga maha-whakamahinga ka taea te whakarite ki ngā hiahia me ngā āhuatanga o te rohe. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua ahuwhenua ki te whakatipu i te whānuitanga o ngā hua, tae atu ki ngā huawhenua, ngā hua rākau, me ngā witi, ā, ka taea te whakatinana i ngā rohe taiwhenua me ngā tāone nui.

Ka taea hoki e ngā kāwanatanga me ngā kaihanga kaupapa here te whai wāhi nui ki te whakatairanga i te whakatinanatanga o te mahi ahuwhenua ahuwhenua. Ka taea e ngā whakatenatena, ngā tautoko, me ngā kaupapa tautoko te āwhina ki te whakaiti i ngā utu o te tāutanga me te tiaki, me te whakatenatena i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua. Ka taea hoki e ngā kaupapa here e whakatairanga ana i te ahuwhenua pumau, te pūngao whakahou, me te pupuri waro te waihanga i tētahi taiao pai mō te mahi ahuwhenua ahuwhenua.

Te Whakauru i te Taupānga Tuku Pāmahana me te Makuku mō te Ahuwhenua Agrivoltaic

Ko te mahi ahuwhenua agrivoltaic, e mōhiotia ana ko te agrophotovoltaics, he huarahi auaha ki te ahuwhenua tauwhiro e whakakotahi ana i te whakaputanga hiko o te rā me te whakaputa hua. He maha ngā painga o tēnei pūnaha auaha, tae atu ki te whakapiki ake i ngā hua o te hua, te whakaiti i te whakamahinga wai, me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro. Hei whakarite i te tipu me te hauora pai o te hua, he mea nui kia aroturukihia e ngā kaimahi pāmu ētahi āhuatanga taiao, tae atu ki te pāmahana me te haumākū. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātou te whakamahinga o ngā tuku pāmahana me te haumākū i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua agrivoltaic me pēhea e taea ai e rātou te āwhina i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te whakapai ake i ā rātou hua hua.

1. Te Hiranga o te Aroturuki i te Pāmahana me te Makuku

Ko te pāmahana me te haumākū he āhuatanga taiao nui e pā nui ana ki te tipu me te hauora o ngā hua. He whakaritenga motuhake mō te pāmahana me te haumākū o ngā tipu me tutuki kia pai ai te tipu me te hua. Ina tino tiketike, ina tino iti rānei te pāmahana me te haumākū, ka pāngia ngā hua e te ahotea wera, te ahotea tauraki, te mate rānei, ka heke ai te hua me te kounga o te hua.

Mā te aroturuki i ngā taumata pāmahana me te haumākū i te wā tonu, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te whakatau whai whakaaro mō te whakamakuku, te whakapūhautanga, me ētahi atu āhuatanga taiao hei whakapai ake i te tipu me te hua o ngā hua. Heoi, ko te aroturuki ā-ringa i te pāmahana me te haumākū ka roa pea te wā, ka nui hoki te mahi, ka uaua ai ki ngā kaimahi pāmu te kohikohi raraunga tika me te wā tika.

2. Te Tūranga o ngā Kaikawe Pāmahana me te Makuku i roto i te Ahuwhenua Agrivoltaic

Ngā tuku pāmahana me te haumākūHe taputapu nui ēnei mō te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga taiao i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua. Ka whakamahia e ēnei taputapu ngā pūoko matatau hei ine i ngā taumata pāmahana me te haumākū i te wā tūturu, ā, ka tukuna ngā raraunga mā te ahokore ki tētahi pūnaha aroturuki matua. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga taiao i te wā tūturu, me te whakatau whai whakaaro mō te whakamakuku, te hauhautanga, me ētahi atu āhuatanga taiao.

Ka taea te tāuta i ngā tuku pāmahana me te haumākū puta noa i te pūnaha ahuwhenua, hei aroturuki whānui i ngā āhuatanga taiao. Ka taea te tāuta ki te oneone hei aroturuki i te pāmahana me te makuku o te oneone, te tāuta rānei ki te hau hei aroturuki i te pāmahana me te haumākū i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi, i te taiao huri noa rānei.

3. Ngā Painga o ngā Tukunga Pāmahana me te Makuku i roto i te Ahuwhenua Agrivoltaic

He maha ngā painga o te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu whakawhiti pāmahana me te haumākū i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua, tae atu ki:

A: Aroturukitanga Wā-tūturu

Mā ngā tuku pāmahana me te haumākū ka taea te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga o te taiao i te wā tūturu, ā, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te whakatau whai whakaaro mō te whakamakuku, te whakapūhautanga, me ētahi atu āhuatanga taiao. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakapai ake i te tipu me te hua o ngā hua me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga wai me te whakaiti i ngā utu pūngao.

B: Te Aroturukitanga Tika

Ka whakamahia e ngā pūoko matatau ngā tuku pāmahana me te haumākū hei ine i ngā āhuatanga o te taiao me te tino tika me te tino tika. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te uru atu ki ngā raraunga tika me te pono ka taea te whakamahi hei whakatau whai whakaaro.

C: Te Whakanuia o te Whai Hua

Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakawhiti pāmahana me te haumākū ka taea te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua mā te whakaiti i te hiahia mō te aroturuki ā-ringa me te kohikohi raraunga. Ka penapenahia te wā me ngā utu mahi, ā, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te arotahi ki ētahi atu āhuatanga o ā rātou mahi.

D: Te Kounga Hua Kua Whakapaitia

Mā te aroturuki i ngā taumata pāmahana me te haumākū, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga taiao hei whakatairanga i te tipu me te hua hauora o ngā hua. Ka taea e tēnei te hua ake i ngā hua kounga teitei ake me te reka, te kakano, me te āhua pai ake.

He mea whakamiharo, he tini ngā momo whakarōpūtanga o te ahuwhenua. I tēnei rā, ka ako tātou mō teā-ahuwhenuamahi ahuwhenua. Kei te whakawhanake tahi a Agrivoltaics, e mōhiotia ana ko te agrophotovoltaics (APV), i te whenua kotahi mō te hiko photovoltaic o te rā me te ahuwhenua anō hoki.

Ko tētahi rōpū kaipūtaiao Wīwī i arahina e Christophe Dupraz te hunga tuatahi ki te whakamahi i te kupu agrivoltaic. Ko tōna tikanga ko te whakakotahi i ngā panera rā me ngā hua kai ki te whenua kotahi hei whakanui ake i te whakamahinga whenua. He whakaaro tēnei ka taea te kawe i te whakaputa kai ki tētahi taumata e whai ake nei. I whakaatuhia e tā rātou mara rangahau i Montpellier, Wīwī, he tino whai hua pea ngā pūnaha agrivoltaic: ko te pikinga o te hua whenua o te ao ka taea te piki ake mai i te 35 ki te 73 ōrau!

Ka taea e te whare kati kōtuhi ahuwhenua te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia hiko o ngā whare kati kōtuhi ahuwhenua mō te whakahaere pāmahana, te whakamakuku, me te tāpiri rama. Ā, kāore ngā wāhanga whakaputa hiko i runga i te tuanui e noho ki te whenua, e kore hoki e whakarerekē i te āhua o te whenua, nō reira ka taea te penapena rauemi whenua. Ka taea hoki e ia te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia rama o ngā hua rerekē, ka taea te whakatipu hua ahuwhenua waro, tipu utu nui, putiputi me ētahi atu hua nui-tāpiri, te whakanui ake i te uara putanga mō ia waeine whenua me te uara tāpiri o ngā hua ahuwhenua, me te whakatutuki i ngā painga ōhanga pai ake. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te ahuwhenua photovoltaic i roto i te whakatipu harore kai. I ngā tau tata nei, me te tautoko kaha o ngā kaupapa here ā-motu, kua whakatairangahia te hanganga o ngā whare kati kōtuhi photovoltaic i roto i ngā rohe puta noa i te motu, ā, kua whakarerekētia te tauira "ahumahi harore kai photovoltaic" hei hanga i tētahi tāone āhua "harore kai photovoltaic".

He rauropi wai-aroha ngā harore kai. Ahakoa te whakatipu spore, te tipu hyphae, me nui te makuku me te haumākū o te hau e hiahiatia ana mō te hanganga o te tinana hua. He nui rawa te wai e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tinana hua o ngā harore kai i te wā e whanake ana, ā, ka taea anake te hanga i ngā tinana hua ina nui te wai o te papa. Ka taea te kī kāore e ora ngā harore kai e ngaro ana te makuku. He maha ngā wā ka ngaro te wai o te puna whakatipu nā te mimiti, nā te hauhake rānei, nō reira ka rehuhia te wai i runga i te āhuatanga. Ka taea te aroturuki i te haumākū o te puna whakatipu me te hau mō te wā roa mā te whakamahi i te inemahana me te hygrometer. Ko ngā raraunga haumākū he mea hei ine i te haumākū. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te hygrometer, i te taputapu rānei hei ine i te pūmua maroke me te mākū.Ine pāmahana me te haumākū matihiko maha-mahi a HENGKOHe mita ine pāmahana me te haumākū ā-ahumahi, he tino tika. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu tirotiro o waho, he LCD nui hei ngāwari ake te ine, ka tatauhia ngā raraunga i ia 10 mirihekona, ā, he tairongo, ā, kei a ia ngā mahi hei ine i te haumākū, te pāmahana, te pāmahana tomairangi, ngā raraunga pūangi maroke me te mākū, ka taea ai te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te ine tika i te pāmahana me te haumākū i ngā wā rerekē.

Ko ngā whakaritenga e whai ake nei mō ētahi harore kai mō te makuku me te haumākū o te rangi o te papa whakatipu:

Haunga ngā āhuatanga haumākū, he mea nui anō hoki te pāmahana ki te tipu o ngā harore kai. E ai ki te pāmahana tino pai e hiahiatia ana mō te mycelium o ngā harore kai, ka taea te wehewehe kia toru ngā wāhanga: te pāmahana iti, te pāmahana waenga me te pāmahana teitei. Ki te tino teitei te pāmahana, ka tere ake te mimiti o ngā harore kai, ā, ka pā ki te tipu o ngā harore kai. Nā te mea he mea nui ngā āhuatanga pāmahana me te haumākū mō te tipu o ngā harore kai, ko te aroturuki i te pāmahana me te haumākū te mea nui rawa atu. He maha ngā momopūoko pāmahana me te haumākūhua raupapa hei whiriwhiri māu. Kei a mātou te tīma hangarau ngaio e whakarato ana i te ratonga me te ratonga ritenga mō te ine pāmahana me te haumākū mēnā he hiahia motuhake tāu mō te ine me te tika o te ine.

He huarahi hou te mahi ahuwhenua ahuwhenua mā ngā tāngata whai rawa ki te whakaora anō i te ahuwhenua me te whakamahi rua māmā me te whakamahi rua whenua nā te auahatanga hangarau. Kua tautoko tonu a Haina i ngā kaupapa here whakaiti rawakore ahuwhenua, me te ārahi i ngā kaimahi ahuwhenua ki te huarahi ki te whai rawa mā roto i ngā tauira whakaiti rawakore me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga ahuwhenua. E whakapono ana mātou ka pai ake te mahi ahuwhenua ahuwhenua ā muri ake nei!

Whakamutunga

He taputapu nui ngā taputapu whakawhiti pāmahana me te haumākū mō te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga taiao i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua. Ka whakaratohia e rātou ngā raraunga tika, wā-tūturu ka taea te whakamahi hei whakapai ake i te tipu me te hua o ngā hua, me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga wai me ngā utu pūngao. Mā te whakamahi i te mana o te hangarau, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te waihanga i tētahi pūnaha kai pumau ake, whai hua ake hoki, e whai hua ana ki ngā kaimahi pāmu me te taiao.

Kei te hiahia koe ki te mahi ahuwhenua agrivoltaic? Mōhio atu ki ētahi atu kōrero mō te whakamahinga o ngā Tukunga Pāmahana me te Makuku i roto i te Mahi Ahuwhenua.

Nau mai, tirohia mai tā mātou whārangi hua, tukuna mai rānei he pātai mā te īmēraka@hengko.com. ka hoki atu mātou ki a koe i roto i ngā hāora 24.